The White Peril 白禍

Apparently miffed by all the attention the rail system has gotten this week, the air system has stepped up to the plate. Happily, if merely fortuitously, it hasn't killed 100 people in the process. Note that this time it wasn't poor JAL's fault that it was involved:

At 9:40 p.m., 29 April, a JAL jet landed, per instructions, on Haneda Airport's Runway A, which had been closed for inspection and repairs. Another JAL jet was in the middle of descending toward Runway A and was forced to change course when the mistake was realized in the control tower several minutes later. According to the Ministry of Land, Transportation, and Infrastructure, the source of the error was that the controller on duty forgot that the runway was closed and therefore gave incorrect instructions. The Ministry has launched an investigation because of the possibility that the error could have led to a major accident.

The controller is lucky that he made his screw-up when he did; the construction on the runway was set to begin at 11 p.m., an hour and change later. He's also lucky that the plane that landed on it, an Airbus 300, was carrying only 51 passengers and crew. The plane that was diverted was a Boeing 777 with 161 aboard; it reascended and landed 10 minutes later.

Added on 1 May: Good grief.

The air traffic controller has told the ministry's Haneda Airport office that he had forgotten that the runway was closed. Another 17 controllers on duty at the time also forgot about the closure of the runway even though all controllers working at the airport had been notified in advance.

The ministry was apologetic about the incident. "I express my apologies from the bottom of my heart for causing anxiety to the public," Yoshinori Furukawa, director of the ministry's Air Traffic Control Division, said at a news conference on Saturday.

Am I the only one who thinks it's a little creepy the way NHK is profiling the driver who, it seems to be all but certain, caused Monday's train derailment? We know that he loved sports, played basketball in junior high school, was kind of a party guy, and seemed to have been excited about being hired by JR West. I don't get it. If he were a serial killer, or something, I could understand looking for clues in his background to what animated him. Profiling him as if he'd just won some kind of prize, I don't understand.

There is one way in which information about Ryutaro Takami's breezy personality is possibly meaningful. He overran platforms several times--once by 100 meters!--and had been reprimanded and sent to retraining. According to the conductor's wife, Takami asked him to underreport the extent of Monday's overrun at the station before the derailment, presumably to avoid being relieved of his duties and receiving a more stern reprimand. And it's looking as if he decided on Monday that keeping his personnel record clean was worth risking the lives of his passengers by speeding.

That kind of thing happens all over the world, but it's a particular problem in appearances-are-everything societies like guess-where. One of Takami's colleagues also relates that the company's version of retraining involves mostly scolding by groups of superiors and pointless essay assignments about topics unrelated to railroad work, raising the possibility that JR West is in effect telling employees that avoiding the ire of higher-ups trumps every other priority. It'd be nice if that were more surprising than it is.

Added on 30 April: In the interest of translating ideas rather than words, I rendered 再教育 (saikyoiku: "re-education") as "retraining," since that's normally the word we would use for what goes on in the workplace. Re-education has totalitarian overtones.

It turns out that it might have paid to be more literal-minded. This Asahi story expands on the information in the NHK telecasts we've been seeing:

One great fear among train drivers for West Japan Railway Co. is being forced to take a ``re-education program'' after making a mistake on the job. Drivers are known to skirt safety procedures just to avoid the humiliation and financial loss of taking the program. One driver even committed suicide just after he started the re-education process.

...

Re-education of drivers who commit mistakes is a JR West policy. The mistakes include being behind schedule.

The main component of the re-education process is writing reports about the mistake to reflect on the error and think of ways to prevent a recurrence.

JR West workers who make mistakes are also assigned menial tasks, such as pulling weeds from gardens at JR West facilities, washing windows or painting company buildings.

There are one or two things that are important for context here. One is that, in Japan, those who are hired even at management level spend their first year or two going through "rotations," in which they work alongside people who do sales, clerical work, and other low-level tasks. There are a few reasons for this. One is to give future managers a sense of all the little things that have to get done to keep the organization going. Another is to make them feel a sense of kinship with people at all levels of the hierarchy. Another is to show them the side of the company that customers see. The idea is to keep managers from being out of touch about the practical effects of the policies they set once they're helping to run the place.

Against that backdrop, having people pull weeds or wash windows (or clean toilets, which is a job that's been mentioned on the broadcasts as another common punishment) is not just supposed to shame people into not transgressing again. Rather, it's also supposed to serve as a reminder that the drivers who do the crucial job of running the trains have a whole organization of people with less visible jobs depending on them.

I'd be willing to bet that that's the way the re-education program is officially conceived. There's evidence, though, that the message of humiliation ends up being so disproportionately emphasized that it drowns out the message that the employee should do his job more responsibly:

One driver was so upset at being forced to undergo the re-education program that he hanged himself in 2001. The then 44-year-old man was late by about 50 seconds in pulling out from Kyoto Station.

Bereaved family members sued JR West for compensation. The father claimed that bullying was the cause of his son's suicide.

In February, the Osaka District Court rejected the plaintiffs' request for compensation on the grounds that JR West could not have foreseen that the man would kill himself.

But the court did state that the re-education program caused the suicide.

According to the ruling, the man was forced to write up to seven reports a day about his mistake. He was told by the deputy head of his train district that he was being paid to "just study."

There's no mention of any other suicides in the Asahi article, but there is evidence that the desire to avoid re-education causes drivers to push their trains to the speed limit if they feel they're losing time. Drivers on the Takarazuka Line have apparently developed a practice of charging down the straightaway at full tilt toward Amagasaki Station and then jamming on the brakes so they can make the curve where the derailment happened Monday. It's likely that Takami was attempting such a maneuver and didn't make it.

Ace Pryhill has a beautifully-written post up about gay advocacy:

I fully understand the psychological conflict that coming to grips with my sexuality has had on me; it's strong and it's real. I could have very easily gone down some wrong paths because of it. Almost any gay person will tell you they didn't choose to be gay, but the element of choice always remains when it comes to actions. You can choose not to cheat, you can choose not to do meth, you can choose to avoid tempting situations, you can choose to talk about a problem before it tears you apart, you can choose to get professional help before you make a decision you'll later regret. Instead of letting other people fix our problems, let's do what we can to fix ourselves...the rest will follow.

You can also choose not to hang out with the kinds of people who encourage you to be dissolute. (That includes straight friends who think it's gays' job to add color to their boring, settled lives with stories of sexual adventure and political shenanigans.) Coming out is often an explosive finish to years of carefully-concealed torture; but it simply isn't possible to make up for that by relying on other people to make adult choices easier for us from then on. Nor is it wise to go overboard on the now-I'm-going-to-live-just-for-me bit, which is a poor long-term strategy for productiveness and happiness.

I tell you--this month! Lots of planning and administrative-document-writing, which I realize is necessary but which tends to make me a little cranky. To top it off, my assistant's been out sick since Monday. No, I'm not one of those managers who need to ask the receptionist to help him work the fax machine, but my workload went up measurably, of course, and a lot of it was stuff that I haven't had to do for years. Not a slack minute.

I did, however, have to shoehorn in time to go to my dermatologist so she could irradiate my chin again. I'd managed to become the proprietor of a rather large wart, probably because I shaved over it for a good week or two before realizing it wasn't my usual acne. Irradiate is, I presume, the medical term for what she did; to a layman like me, it sounds as if she were going to kill off all the Montezuma's revenge while leaving me fresh and juicy. In reality, she used some kind of pulsing-laser thing to burn away the virus. She tried to get it all three weeks ago, but, apparently, there's a danger of scarring if you get too thorough, so she just zapped down as deep as she dared. I had to keep it bandaged and slick it down with an antibiotic ointment of singularly repellant texture.

Unfortunately, they can't always extirpate it with the first treatment, and sure enough--damn!--it started growing back in one tiny place, and several new little ones (I have a heavy beard and give myself little nicks a lot) had grown in. Thus I found myself being "irradiated" yet again today, only this time in little places dotted around my chin. Three more weeks of ointment.

This normally wouldn't bother me too much--I don't like looking weird, but it's not as if I were in the market, or anything, and if Atsushi's not here, he doesn't have to deal with it. It's just that Japan's big spring bank holiday starts tomorrow, and he's coming home. He's had kind of a stressing run at work lately, and we're going to have an early birthday celebration because we can't get together on the actual day. So I'd been hoping to be back to normal when he got here, but no such luck. Another three weeks of looking like a sci-fi movie monster. And it's my chin, of course; there are only one or two places I can imagine that would interfere more with uninhibited amorousness. Guess I'm going to have to be really good with my hands.

Uh, so, yeah. I don't have any aspirations to being a one-stop source for news, but I normally do try not to offer up several consecutive days of scattiness. I've been kind of distracted, obviously; if it's shown, I'm sorry. Oh, yeah! And I think we're giving a dinner party, maybe? Have to check with Atsushi about that, given that I do the cooking.

Anyway, the weather's been gorgeous. Puts you in the mood for summer songs and hot-weather food. And Tokyo will be relatively empty for a few days, which is nice. For any Japan-based readers who are traveling for Golden Week, stay safe and have a great time. It's probable that I'll actually be back to more regular posting tomorrow-ish. Atsushi has a bunch of errands and will be spending some time with his parents while he's here, and while we have plans to enjoy the outdoors, I think we're both going to be tired enough to enjoy sitting at home and lazing plenty, too.

If my eyes are shining and my lower lip is trembling, you must believe that it IS NOT out of a desire to guffaw at the Moebius strip of ironies in this story, via Gay News:

A bar owner in the predominantly gay Castro neighborhood violated numerous city civil rights codes by discriminating against black patrons, the San Francisco Human Rights Commission announced Tuesday.

The case has been closely watched by the city's gay community, many of whom said they were incredulous that an establishment in what's considered one of the country's most progressive and socially liberal neighborhoods would actively keep black customers out of the popular nightspot Badlands.

In particular, the commission said club owner Les Natali referred to blacks as "non-Badlands customers" who should be discouraged from patronizing the club.

"The Castro should be a place of homecoming for gays worldwide and this was a betrayal of everything this community stands for," said Don Romesburg, organizer for the community group And Castro For All, which filed the complaint. "That's why it's so important that we hold them accountable."

The part I think is interesting is this: the investigation took 10 months, right? Don't tell me that in that amount of time, word didn't spread to every fag in the Bay Area about what was going on. And in that case, why didn't people stop going there? Or protest outside the place? It's possible that business has, in fact, dropped off; but the article doesn't say so, and it seems like the sort of thing that would have been mentioned by the reporter. I myself am not recommending ruining people based on hearsay, but boycotts are the sort of showily self-righteous gesture the left seems to specialize in, and, I mean, it's racism we're talking about here. What's more important than that? Any gay club owner who would set racist policies has clearly internalized his own Otherness in the eyes of society and needs to be educated.

Maybe the part of the story not told by the SF Gate article makes things clearer. The SF Badlands website (note prominent black guys in photos) is here, and there is an ad hoc website about the charges of racism here. As someone who lives in a city in which not allowing foreigners, allowing Westerners but not Koreans, or not allowing military guys is a pretty common bar policy, I find all this fascinating.

The number of deaths from Monday's train derailment has reached 91. The Mainichi English edition has a good roundup of the rumors that are flying around about possible causes of the accident. From the very beginning, reports have emphasized that the driver was young (23) and that, having overrun the platform at the previous station and had to back up to let passengers board and get off, he might have been speeding to stay on schedule. Also (I didn't see this in the Mainichi article), he was driving a relatively old train with an emergency brake system that's somewhat less sensitive than those on newer models. That doesn't mean it was substandard, but it could mean that it was part of the combination of factors that made this a disaster rather than a close call.

As to questions by Western reporters about whether this shakes Japanese people's faith in the rail system--well, I doubt it. If one of the major airlines had a crash (especially JAL), I think there would be a real hue and cry. Air safety violations have been in the news a lot lately, so there's an existing sense that there's something wrong with the system. An accident would validate that.

The last train crash--actually, it was more like a sideswipe--happened five years ago. There are way, way, way, way more commuter rail departures than airline departures in Japan, and my sense is that people just figure that, even in the best-run systems, there's going to be an accident some time. Of course, it could come out that JR West was skimping on safety measures in order to keep to schedules. I haven't heard any evidence of that, mind, but it's not out of the realm of possibility. In that sort of case, there might be something of a fuss raised, though the only way for the market to punish the company would be for lots of people and businesses to move off its rail lines. (Is that the best way to say 沿線?) Such a mass movement seems unlikely.

My guess is that most people are hoping that the first suggested factor turns out actually to have been the decisive one: the driver, who had a history of overruns and other little problems, tried to catch up with the line schedule by speeding and unfortunately chose exactly the wrong stretch of track to do it. That would let just about everyone off the hook. We'll have to see.

One of the more well-known Japanese escapees from North Korea has gone to the DPRK embassy in Beijing and asked to return:

The return to North Korea of a Japanese woman who came back to Japan in 2003 for the first time in 43 years has raised questions over whether her moves were voluntary or part of a political "game" played by North Korean officials.

The woman, Fudeko Hirashima, 66, appeared at the North Korean Embassy in Beijing on April 18 and held a news conference, saying "evil people" had deceived her into going to Japan. She headed back to North Korea, where her grandchildren are, after throwing her hands in the air and saying in a tearful voice, "Long live the great general Kim Jong Il!" referring to the North Korean leader.

Hirashima said she wanted to be reunited with her children and grandchildren, who are still living in North Korea.

The Japanese government figures that DPRK agents got to her:

Hiroshi Kato, secretary-general of the Life Funds for North Korean Refugees said North Korea appeared to be involved in Hirashima's return.

"It's a perfect game by the North Korean side," he said. "It's a commonplace method for North Korea to use family love against people. They will probably use Hirashima as an example and say that Japan abducts people, too."

That last part is almost a certainty. How much of a push Hirashima needed is debatable, though. You can imagine how bewilderingly different Japan is from when she left in 1959. She may have little family left here (and she may not have departed on the best terms with them--when Japanese marry Koreans, family approval is frequently not forthcoming from either side). Her son has died, her daughter and grandchildren are still in North Korea, and she has little money to live on. Perhaps she decided it was worth proclaiming her love for Kim Jong-il in order to spend her final years where she would be happier.

Like a lot of North Koreans, she has reason not to like the regime much. The Japanese version of the Mainichi article gives a timeline of her years there with wrenching terseness:

14 December 1959: Went with husband, a North Korean living in Japan, to North Korea through cooperative repatriation project

December 1969: Husband taken away by authorities, not heard from since

May 1970: Domicile moved to village along China-Korea border

November 2002: Escaped northward into China

The Japanese version also contains a run-down of what she said at the press conference. She refers to the DPRK as 共和国 (kyouwakoku: "the Republic").

I cherish freedom of assembly as much as anyone, but it sure does bring out the lamest in some people, on all parts of the political spectrum. You have puns that not even Dad would stoop to:

On the Capitol steps, Brian Mock held a sign chastising the governor that read "Truth is not RELL-ative." He said he had little hope that lawmakers would repeal the civil union statute, but said they need to know voters are watching.

Especially the majority of Connecticut voters who approved of the idea of civil unions?

You have self-refuting inanities:

"Civil unions are merely a stepping stone to redefining marriage," he said at Sunday's rally. "Anyone who voted for this bill voted for same-sex marriage."

Republican Gov. M. Jodi Rell signed the bill last week after it overwhelmingly passed the House and Senate. The law, which takes effect in October, also defines marriage as being between one man and one woman.

And you have those tin-eared folks who think satire has unlimited usefulness:

Meanwhile, about 80 gay rights activists took part in a mock wedding ceremony on the Capitol lawn Sunday, criticizing civil unions as second-class citizenship. Many said they were happy the state approved civil unions but wished lawmakers had given gays and lesbians full marriage rights.

One thing I'd like to know--the article doesn't mention, and there may be no way of finding out--is how many of the 3000 protestors against the bill were from Connecticut. I suppose you could say the same about the participants in the mock wedding, but there were only 80 of them.

Kelvin is guest-posting at Simon World and wrote yesterday about how Chinese news sources are discussing Prime Minister Koizumi's remarks the other day. Kelvin doesn't want to get into a lengthy discussion about what constitutes a sufficient apology, so I'll just pause to clarify a single point: Koizumi did not, unlike many past Japanese politicians, use the formulation 遺憾に思う (ikan ni omou: "I regard it as regrettable"), which is a way of saying that something is unfortunate without taking responsibility. The word お詫び refers to an acceptance of responsibility, though it can be debated whether the level of abjectness is fitting.

As for the whether actions and words are in harmony, this is translated with my customary awkwardness from the Yasukuni Shrine's official website. There is an English page, too:

Among the spirits enshrined here are these: Men who fell while standing on the front lines fighting fires ignited by bombings of Japanese cities by enemy planes. Military nurses, who stoutly wore the Red Cross insignia and were adored like mothers and sisters on the battlefields. Sailors who sank to the bottom of the sea on their supply ships while heading toward the battle zones to the south. Reporters and cameramen in the press corps accompanying the armed forces who were felled by enemy fire while gathering information on the battlefield. All these people offered up their lives for their ancestral land of Japan and, because of that, they are enshrined with great reverence as exalted spirits. Also, there are those who, after the Great East Asian War* ended, shouldered all responsibility for the war and gave up their lives. Furthermore, after the war, the Allied Powers that had fought Japan (the US, the UK, the Netherlands, China, and others) unilaterally declared 1068 persons "war criminals" in perfunctory trials and pitilessly executed them on false charges. At the Yasukuni Shrine, they are referred to as "Showa Martyrs" and are all enshrined as spirits. The Yasukuni Shrine is a shrine to which all citizens can make pilgrimages. We hope that you have come to understand here what kinds of spirits are enshrined at the Yasukuni Shrine. The spirits at the Yasukuni Shrine offered up their precious lives in battle, seeking for Japan's independence and peace to continue forever and for Japan's glorious traditions and history, left to us by our ancestors, to continue until the end of time. The peaceful and prosperous Japan we know today exists thanks to those enshrined at the Yasukuni Shrine and others like them.

A commenter--another blogger who knows Japan well--put it to me several months ago that it really isn't the business of the Chinese or Koreans who goes to what shrine in Japan. I agree in principle, but I hope it's a little more clear from the above why any affiliation with this particular shrine could be seen as provocative.

Westerners learn that shinto is Japan's native religion, which is basically true but also kind of misleading. The purification rites and ancestor worship developed by early agrarian Japanese were largely displaced in official life after Buddhism arrived, though the two were practiced side-by-side. During the Meiji Restoration, there was a push for Japan to reclaim its Japaneseness, and a campaign began to dislodge Buddhism and replace it with shinto. Doing so required thinking of shinto as an actual system rather than just a hodge-podge of ancient rituals, and that was, in fact, a change. (This is true of many elements of Japanese culture that we're taught to think of as parts of its history. The Japanese "warrior code" didn't really exist in any coherent form until it was retrospectively given one during the Meiji Period, either.) In shinto, everyone who dies becomes a 神 (kami: "spirit"). There are good or bad kami, depending on how the person lived, so calling the kami in general "gods," as people frequently do in English, fails to translate the idea very well.

I don't believe that Koizumi or most other high officials visit the Yasukuni Shrine in the spirit of full agreement with the shrine's administrators. I can't read minds, but I imagine that most politicians want an opportunity to honor those who really did sacrifice their lives in good faith and, perhaps, to pray that the bad spirits have been dealt with justly in the next world and have as little chance as possible to influence the affairs of this world from here on.

There was a train derailment in Amagasaki, Hyogo Prefecture (where Kobe is), this morning. A commuter train slammed into an apartment building, and there have been 25 people killed and over 200 injured according to NHK. The driver and some other passengers are still trapped in one of the cars, so there's a good chance there will be more fatalities. There's been no information about the cause of the derailment yet.

Added at 13:00: NHK is now reporting 37 fatalities. The worst train accident since the 60s caused 42 deaths, so it's not out of the realm of possibility that today's could displace it. (I must have misheard NHK before--there was an accident in Yokohama in 1963 that killed almost 200 people.)

Added at 17:15: Up to 50 fatalities. One thing that's good is that the weather is clear and pretty warm today, and the derailment happened at about 9:30 in the morning. Up to just a week or two ago, or on a rainy day, or at night, the rescuers wouldn't have had a seven-hour cushion of relatively good conditions in which to work. The footage is horrifying; the second car is flattened and wrapped around a corner of the apartment building like tin sheeting, and two of the other cars are on top of each other.

New rule! New rule! It's improper for legislators to vote on any issue that wasn't an explicit plank in their campaign platform. I don't think many US congresscritters mentioned military responses to terrorism in the election cycle before 9/11, but you didn't hear the right squawking when they voted to authorize them, even most of those who represented leftist urban enclaves. Yes, I know--that was an emergency, and it was at the national level. But that's all the more reason to conclude that Connecticut voters have had ample time to register their opinions on civil unions with Hartford.

What Amritas says and links to in this post about interpreting squares with my understanding from those I know who do it. Coincidentally, I ran into a guy who was still in school learning to interpret when I last saw him five or six years ago. The training sounded absolutely hellish--in the sense of being repetitious, since your brain basically needs to be rewired to think in both languages at once, which is harder than it sounds. That's especially true, as Amritas notes, of languages such as Japanese and English, in which both word order and the principles that govern expression of thought are often at loggerheads.

I can only imagine what Amritas's unfiltered reaction, as a linguist, was to this page on the history of Japanese. In 1500 BC, the only markings the Japanese were making were decorative rope imprints on pottery. The Japanese kana system is a syllabary, not an alphabet; and while there were some spelling simplifications around the end of the nineteenth century (we no longer write よう as やう), kana themselves have existed since the Heian Period. Really a startling display of ineptitude.

You have got to be kidding me (Japanese, English):

Postal workers' jobs are to be safeguarded in the privatization planned for 2007, with the new postal entities to keep the same employment levels, government sources said.

After all, that is the point of privatizing an inefficient government organization--improve operations by not changing anything.

Regarding the establishment of a fund to maintain universal postal savings and postal services in remote areas, the postal services holding company will save a portion of its revenues each fiscal year, as stipulated by an ordinance, until the sum reaches 1 trillion yen.

The bills state that the fund cannot be tapped, with the exception of a situation in which the revenues alone cannot support the holding company's universal service obligation, the sources said.

The six bills are designed to privatize postal services, establish a postal services holding company, a mail delivery company, an over-the-counter service network firm, and an independent administrative organization for postal savings and kampo life insurance, and to pass laws related to the privatization.

Increasing the number of organizations involved sounds like a great move toward streamlining, too, though that structure's been part of the proposal forever. Good grief.

And that new food pyramid? The USDA has seriously outdone itself in purposeless bureaucratic condescension. Ann Althouse is justifiably irritated at the cutesy site title, but it's the graphic that does it for me:



I had to laugh out loud at the irony. The rainbow is so dear to the hearts of I'm-okay-you're-okay types as a way to say we're all equally adorable, so it's no surprise that it recommended itself to the tofu-worshippers at the USDA. But, of course, the whole point of this particular project is to push the value of whole grains while banishing trans-fats to outer darkness, so equal ROYGBIV bands would not have worked.

The site is pretty snazzy and easy to navigate, but it illustrates the problems with having federal programs for this sort of thing. Read the information and tips and you start to wonder very quickly just who the target audience is. Some samples:

• To eat more whole grains, substitute a whole-grain product for a refined product – such as eating whole-wheat bread instead of white bread or brown rice instead of white rice. It’s important to substitute the whole-grain product for the refined one, rather than adding the whole-grain product. (link)
  
  
• Freeze leftover cooked brown rice, bulgur, or barley. Heat and serve it later as a quick side dish. (link)
  
  
• Try different textures of fruits. For example, apples are crunchy, bananas are smooth and creamy, and oranges are juicy. (link)
  
  
• Cut-up fruit makes a great snack. Either cut them yourself, or buy pre-cut packages of fruit pieces like pineapples or melons. Or, try whole fresh berries or grapes. (link)

Most of the advice is like this, so I initially figured MyPyramid was the site geared toward children and that there was another, stuffier one elsewhere. But each page about the food groups (or food EMS bands or whatever they're to be called now) also has a section at the bottom that's explicitly directed at kids, and you can get calorie intake recommendations based on your age, so we grown-ups are clearly the main audience.

In other words, the USDA is looking at adults who don't know what instead of means, don't know that their freezer can be used to store leftover rice as well as Lean Cuisine dinners, don't know that apples and bananas have different textures, and don't know a whole lot of other perkily-explained things I'd drive myself into the madhouse by quoting. At least we're still trusted to handle sharp knives.

None of this stuff is untrue, of course, and those of us who were taught to cook when we were little can fall into thinking that much of it is intuitive when it really isn't. Why can't you freeze a lot of vegetables without blanching them? Why should you add the salt at the beginning some times and at the end others? The thing is, despite all the blaring about the latest scientific information and the effort our trusty USDA folks have expended on compiling it, most of what's on MyPyramid.gov isn't anything you couldn't learn from a collection of a half-dozen basic cookbooks and some Julia Child reruns. I do think the standardized nutrition label is a good idea; the Japanese have essentially adopted it, and it makes it easier to avoid foods that are half additives. But all of this huffing and puffing and throwing tax money around like confetti--just to tell us that fresh plant-based foods are healthy, in case we didn't already hear it from Mom and the home ec teacher--is asinine.

I can't read Spanish and haven't seen the text of the bill, so I can't determine whether the hilarious spelling mistake in the second paragraph of this Reuters report is accurate:

Spain's parliament gave initial approval to a law legalizing gay marriage on Thursday in a move likely to rekindle conflict with a Catholic Church that has just elected a new conservative pope.

A packed public gallery erupted in cheers and applause as the speaker announced approval of the Socialist government's proposal, making Spain the third European country to legalese gay marriage.

"It's unfair to be a second-class citizen because of love," Socialist legislator Carmen Monton said. "Spain joins the vanguard of those defending full equality for gays and lesbians."

I can't say I'm entirely impressed by the reasoning used by one quoted activist: "I'm going to get married for the sake of activism, for love, and for a question of dignity." Getting married to make a point? Lovely. But then, activists of any stripe often do have a serious case of single-issue-itis.

In any case, the bill has another round or two of approval to go through, but it's apparently expected to pass. It also appears to have good public support.

PM Koizumi spoke today in Jakarta:

Prime Minister Jun'ichiro Koizumi spoke at the Asia-Africa Summit that began in Jakarta 22 April. He cited the talk given in 1995 by then-Prime Minister Tomiichi Murayama to commemorate the end of World War II, in which he apologized for past actions such as the way occupied territories were governed. "We must humbly absorb all the facts of history, and keep always etched on our souls a sense of keen self-reflection and regret."

There's an English translation of some of Murayama's remarks here, and there's a further discussion here. I do think it's important to bear in mind that mutual hostilties in this region are as old as the hills. From that perspective, every Japanese government worker down to the Diet Building janitors could apologize for the atrocities of World War II, and the Chinese might very well still be complaining. At some point, it's unreasonable to expect Japan to keep asking to be forgiven.

At the same time, it's not hard to understand where the ire comes from. Simon linked to this terrifically-done list of Japanese politicians' apologies to Korea, and the one of apologies to China is now up, too. I have rarely heard any of these politicians accused of being insincere, though some of them are on the vague side. The point that's usually made is that, given things like the treatment of Iris Chang's work, the pilgrimages to the Yasukuni Shrine, and the repeated controversy over history textbooks, it's pretty clear that there are other people in positions of power over how the War is semi-officially depicted who are very frequently successful in making sure that no wrongdoing is ascribed to the Japanese. That raises questions over the extent to which those issuing the apologies are speaking on behalf of the Japanese government.

Whichever side you come down on, the PRC has transparently taken a have-it-both-ways-at-once approach to the protests: it condoned them while people's rage was directed at Japan and deflected away from the CCP--and the minute they got enough out of hand that there was a danger the protestors might start remembering how much they dislike about their own government, too, the serious warnings started. Not surprisingly, the Japanese ambassador to Beijing is still warning Japanese citizens that China may not be safe, despite officially stating that there is no information to indicate that demonstrations will continue within the jurisdictions of large cities such as Beijing and Shanghai. Being an ambassador, he's chosen the most tactful possible wording: "In such a large country as China, it is impossible to guarantee that nothing will happen." Gotta love that litotes.

Added at 22:38: Oh, yeah, almost left this out: 80 Diet members decided to visit the Yasukuni Shrine today.

Civil unions have been signed into law by the Connecticut governor. No court case. Very cool. Even the marriage-or-bust types are reeling it in enough to recognize that there's much to celebrate:

Love Makes a Family, a gay rights organization that wanted legislators pass a gay marriage bill, called civil unions an important step toward protecting the rights of same-sex couples. But Anne Stanback, the group's executive director, said the fight is not over. ["Love Makes a Family" sounds like the kind of entity that should have a headmistress, not an executive director--SRK]

"As important as the rights are, this is not yet equality," she said.

Naturally, it's that last quotation that 365Gay has seen fit to use as its quote of the day. Whatever. On the opposite side of the country, the Montana domestic partnership bills were voted down by its House of Representatives this week; that it passed the Senate was apparently big news. Things go in fits and starts.

The LDP will ask the government to provide 2 trillion yen to ensure that universal service is maintained. This is double the previous recommended amount:

The government will accept a request from the Liberal Democratic Party to increase a fund to maintain universal banking and insurance services by at least 1 trillion yen in negotiations on postal privatization bills, government sources said Wednesday.

The government also is expected to study the need to raise the amount to be stated in the bills from 1 trillion yen to up to 2 trillion yen.

The government also will not ensure capital ties among postal saving, kampo insurance and other new companies in the bills.

My first thought on reading the news that the pope had been selected this morning was, as you might imagine, "Hmm...I wonder whether Andrew Sullivan has torn himself clean in half with rage yet, like Rumpelstilskin, or I'm a little early." I was just in time, apparently, but QandO already has it covered.

Camille Paglia dealt with this amply in an essay when I was in college, but it's not an issue that's likely to go away soon. To add to what Dale writes at QandO: if you believe that your principles are moral and just, and you believe that external, obdurate reality bears them out without the gloss of wishful thinking, that's that. Religions don't have line-item vetos. There are gay-friendly churches around, and I'm at a loss to figure out why gay Christians don't join them instead of trying to shift thousands of years of tradition to fit their beliefs this very minute.

That doesn't mean they should just sit down and shut up if they seriously believe that scripture is being misinterpreted or interpreted too narrowly. It's just that lasting change happens slowly. If their chief concern is that the long-term trajectory of Christianity be in the direction of truth, they have to accept that their arguments may take hold slowly and not have any effects on doctrine within their lifetimes. And if what they're arguing really isn't clearly supported by the Bible, it may never take hold in the church in which they were reared. They must be content with serving God to the honest best of their understanding, and standing firm in the face of earthly disapproval. I still think Andrew Sullivan has contributed a great deal to the public discourse, but I can't get his position on religion to boil down to anything but "I'll fuck whoever I damn well please, and the church will love me for it." That seems to me just a bit off the mark.

Added on 21 April: Susanna is back to posting more frequently, which is a good thing. She had this to say about the ascension of the new pope and Andrew Sullivan's reaction to it.

Also, Michael thinks I'm engaging in pro forma Sullivan-bashing. Well, I'm not. When people attack or belittle Andrew Sullivan as if he were useless, I am more than happy to defend him. But you can defend his overall contribution to the public debate and still conclude that his recent positions are either not well supported or mutually inconsistent, and that the flibbertigibbety way he's taken to expressing them doesn't do him any favors, either.

Since I would prefer to keep my blood pressure in the healthy range, it's probably just as well that the new federal reports on the efficacy of airport screening are not available in all their depressing detail.

The Florida Republican said he would ask the Bush administration and Congress to hand the function back to the private sector, which would be overseen by homeland security officials.

"This annual multibillion-dollar system has received its second poor performance report card," Mica said.

Details of the two reports are classified but Mica described a system — which he helped create even though he opposed it — as inefficient and struggling despite a $20 billion investment at 429 commercial airports.

The Transportation Security Administration oversees nearly 50,000 screeners.

The homeland security report, parts of which were publicly released, noted screeners performed no better in covert tests after a stinging assessment last year on failures to detect prohibited items at airport security checkpoints.

And now they're supposed to be making sure luggage is purged of every last lighter, among other things. Those who fear that the system may actually be re-privatized can probably rest easy, though:

Democrat Peter DeFazio of Oregon, the former ranking member of the aviation subcommittee, sharply criticized TSA. But he said it would be a mistake to return to private screening and doubted Congress would agree to do so.

"It's time we give screeners 21st century tools to combat 21st century threats," DeFazio said.

Uh-huh. I predict a bipartisan vote to give the screening agency lots of money for new procedures and equipment. Perhaps they'll revamp training to enable screeners to identify big, scary knives without assistance.

Fukuoka has had another strong earthquake--M 5.8. This one wasn't as strong as the one in March, but they're reporting multiple injuries already. Also, it happened at 6:11 on a weekday morning, so a lot of commuter lines have been affected. I haven't gotten a message from Atsushi saying he felt it in his city, though I assume he must have.

This shouldn't need to be said again, but it does, and Ghost of a Flea says it.

Man, you know how sometimes you wish you could take some of your good fortune and give it to someone else? It never becomes easy to see a friend who's open and giving and true get screwed over by some shallow charmer, even if you know that he'll get the guy he deserves eventually.

New US Ambassador to Japan certainly picked a nice, tranquil time to start his duties. He's understandably making the bland diplomatic best of things, according to the Nikkei. From his first press conference:

[On the anti-Japan demonstrations in China]: "The relations between the two are crucial with respect to the stability of the entire Asia region. It is our hope that they will aim to find a peaceful resolution through dialogue."

[On the reform of the UN]: "Complex issues have been piling up, and it is not desirable that we set a firm deadline at this point.... The US government, and I as an individual, do support Japan [in its petition for permanent UNSC membership]."

[On the first East Asia summit to be held at the end of this year in Malaysia]: "The US is a Pacific country. We would like to participate if it means that we will have a chance to have a hand in setting broad policies that will have an effect in the region."

The East Asia summit will feature the ASEAN members plus inseparable buddies Japan, the PRC, and the ROK. Australia has already been snubbed after hinting that it would like an invitation. Malaysia and China are (go figure) those who are are most hesitant over the participation of Australia, let alone the US. Incidentally, Schieffer's last post before Japan was Australia.

The Japanese do not permit themselves to be upstaged in the sly dig department, so the PRC's remarks that Japan may, perhaps, not have enough "respect" (for history or from the rest of Asia) to be a member of the UN Security Council have not gone unanswered. Shinzo Abe, head of the LDP, was in Sendai today and mused,

They [the PRC government] are supposed to host the Olympics and the World Expo. One wonders whether they'll really be able to manage, assuming the situation continues as it is now. Doubts cannot but arise.

The "situation" he's talking about are this weekend's repeat-performance protests, which were the headline news yesterday and today here. The news here has been stressing the violence of some of the protests, though it's hard to have a good sense of how out-of-hand things really got. Reuters's version is here:

China has come under fire for tacitly encouraging the anti-Japanese unrest but Beijing denies the charge. But authorities have pledged to protect Japanese businesses and nationals in China.

In the third weekend of violent protests, thousands marched Saturday to Japan's consulate in Shanghai, smashing windows, pelting it with paint bombs and eggs and attacking Japanese restaurants along the way.

Relations between the two Asian powerhouses are at their worst in decades and China's official Xinhua news agency put the number of protesters in Shanghai at 20,000.

"The students and citizens spontaneously took to the street to demonstrate and protest, expressing their discontent with the right-wing forces in Japan on violating the Sino-Japanese relations," it quoted Shanghai municipal government spokeswoman Jiao Yang as saying.

It's rather interesting how the PRC regime's ability to keep protestors in check varies. Personally, I find it improbable that the protests were engineered by the Chinese government--or even encouraged in the active way we usually think of it. All kinds of unrest have been building in China, though, and it seems likely that the PRC is taking advantage of the fact that this ill-feeling is directed outward and hoping to use it as a pressure release.

Japan itself is not a protest-heavy country, compared with its neighbors; but, of course, anti-Chinese feeling is never a really hard sell here, and there are small but real fears that some Japanese will get into the counter-protest act:

The violence has raised concerns about a backlash in Japan, and police have tightened security at the Chinese embassy, consulates and residences after several incidents of harassment.

A man hurled a bottle at the Chinese consulate in Osaka, western Japan, Sunday and set himself on fire when officers tried to subdue him, police said. Right-wing groups were driving around Tokyo in trucks fitted with loudspeakers, but riot police prevented them from approaching the Chinese embassy.

For anyone who doesn't know Japan, that "right-wing groups were driving around Tokyo in trucks fitted with loudspeakers" part is not, heaven knows, a distinguishing feature of this weekend; the exhortations to defend Japan's purity and honor are probably a bit less generalized in tone, though. Japanese foreign minister Nobutaka Machimura is in Beijing for a meeting with the Chinese foreign ministry.

Added on 18 April: Japan demands that China apologize for letting demonstrations get out of hand; China says it's Japan's responsibility to apologize first. At least the two countries' foreign ministers, meeting this weekend in Beijing, were able to agree on something: there should be a joint China-Japan center for historical research. That's the least likely issue to help resolve the immediate problems, but, hey--you have to start somewhere.

BTW, here's the original Japanese report on the Mainichi poll referred to at the end of the Reuters story. For once, the Japanese version doesn't contain much that was left out of the English story.

Joe Riddle has a simple but good post up at Ex-Gay Watch about one of my pet peeves: the way ex-gays (at least, those whose profiles are published as inspirational) tend to blame homosexuality for all their hang-ups:

Blaming the "gay community" sure seems like a convenient way for them to avoid taking responsibilty for their own behavior, dontcha think? Still, there's probably a kernel of truth there... Chances are, their gay friends were not questioning their reckless behavior, and in fact may have been enabling it. Sometimes we out gays are reluctant to encourage responsible behavior in our friends because we don't want to be viewed as another moralizing voice. While the "gay community" isn't responsible for the bad choices of Paulk, Bennett, et al, it's possilbe we did contribute to driving them into the arms of the ex-gay movement. If I thought my only options were to be a drug-addicted slut or ex-gay, I'd choose ex-gay every time.

Sure, so would I; but the nurturing, supportive part of the gay community that brings out the best in you is there (and not as icky as that description makes it sound). I found it without having to look terribly hard. My friends are perfectly capable of encouraging responsible behavior without turning into sanctimonious hard-asses.

If there are people who can't handle their homosexuality, then I seriously wish them the best in celibacy or learned heterosexuality or whatever allows them to live happier lives. But I have no patience with those who act as if all the non-sex-dungeon hang-outs and non-abusive boyfriends were somehow in hiding and could only be discovered with superhuman effort and an oscillating electron microscope. That's malarkey. If drawn to nothing but ephemeral pleasures and exploitative people, you've got more fundamental problems than being gay.

Oh, and this is what I really wanted to read the day before Atsushi flies in for the weekend:

In an astonishing admission aimed at explaining its troubled record in recent months, Japan Airlines on Thursday said safety had not been its top priority.

All efforts and attention were focused on punctuality. The airline was careless about safety, JAL said in a report to the transport ministry on steps it is taking to restore its tarnished reputation.

Anyone who flies out of Haneda knows that, whatever JAL is achieving by giving inspections short shrift, it ain't punctuality, so exactly what is really being prioritized, one would like to know? Perhaps all those little screw-ups lately have been a blessing in disguise. They haven't caused any fatalities, but they've been serious enough to get the attention of the government:

And in a case of worst-possible timing, part of the flap from the wing of a JAL aircraft that landed at Narita International Airport on Thursday was found to have fallen off in flight, officials said.

Flight 73, carrying 428 passengers and crew members, arrived at 5:10 p.m. from Honolulu.

Mechanics found the component had detached from the main left wing.

The airport's 4,000-meter runway that the aircraft used was closed for three minutes from 6 p.m. to search for the missing part. It was not found.

JAL said the mishap did not compromise flight safety.

Upon receiving JAL's report, officials of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport said they will regularly inspect facilities and airports used by the airline to confirm that the company's safety measures are being observed.

The ministry also grounded a JAL pilot for one month beginning today for starting takeoff procedures without clearance from air traffic control at New Chitose Airport near Sapporo. The pilot of the Tokyo-bound flight was forced to abort takeoff at the last moment in January because another aircraft had just landed on the runway about a kilometer away.

In another incident, at Inchon Airport in South Korea, the pilot and co-pilot of a flight bound for Narita misheard the control tower's instructions to wait, and taxied onto the runway, forcing another plane to restart landing procedures.

Reprimands or warnings were issued in both incidents.

On March 17, a clearly fed-up transport ministry ordered JAL to improve its operations.

Yes, that would be most obliging.

The lower house of the Diet's exploratory committee on constitutional revision has come to a resolution:

On the morning of 15 April, the committee (Taro Nakayama, Chair), made up of members from the LDP, DPJ, and Komeito, approved by majority vote a finalized report summarizing 5 years of debate. They clarified in detail the necessity of revising the preamble and Article 9, in which Japan renounces war powers. This is the first time the Diet has demonstrated intent to revise the constitution since 1947, when the present constitution went into effect. Also manifested [in the proposal] are the intention to make reforms on a broad range of other issues, such as stipulating environmental rights and redistricting prefectures into larger administrative regions.

Bear in mind that this is the lower house committee, so there's no guarantee that the bill won't be nearly unrecognizable by the time it's voted on in the houses. The upper house committee, for its part, is expected to come to a resolution on 20 April.

Added on 16 April: The Nikkei evening edition had a chart I didn't feel like translating before going out last night, but there's an English article in the Mainichi that lists things pretty well. The part that's relevant to the SDF is here:

The principle of renouncing war as a means to settle international disputes, which is provided for in Clause 1, Article 9, should be retained, according to a majority opinion. The report says a majority of members "appreciate the role that Article 9 has played in ensuring Japan's peace and prosperity."

However, it does not rule out the possibility that the article will be amended to clearly provide for minimum use of force to defend Japan from possible military attacks.

The report shows that the commission was divided over whether Japan should be allowed to participate in collective self-defense arrangements.

Some demand that Japan be allowed to participate in collective defense arrangements without limitations, while other panel members said some limitations should be placed on Japan's involvement in such arrangements. Another group said the Constitution should ban Japan's involvement in it.

Japan's codified renunciation of war is one of the biggest sticking points in its bid to become a permanent member of the UN Security Council.

It's nice to see stories like this:

Sen. Paul Koering, who publicly revealed Wednesday that he is gay, received nothing but kindness from his colleagues on the Senate floor today.

He was greeted with hugs and handshakes from both conservative Republican and liberal Democratic senators and from moderates of both parties. Many of the senators said they have long known of the Fort Ripley Republican's sexual orientation.

Koering, who was described as a teddy bear by several other Senators, was beaming Thursday and told one Senate colleague that he felt liberated.

No kidding, buddy. The truth shall make you free, to coin a phrase.

I do look forward to the day when the tone of these stories carries a bit less astonishment about people's goodwill--you could almost headline this one "State Senator not shot by fellow Republicans after outing self." But progress is progress.

The US government plans to survey Okinawans about how they view US bases:

The committee is attempting to determine which bases on U.S. soil should be closed to improve the efficiency of defense operations under an inquiry ordered by U.S. Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld.

It plans to complete a draft proposal in May and seek approval from Congress in autumn.

The plan is expected to meet with strong opposition since many regional economies in the United States depend on military bases.

Okinawa's relationship with the US military is more complicated. It's Japan's least wealthy prefecture, and our bases add to the economy. At the same time, crime and high-handedness have accompanied our presence there, and Okinawans are more outspoken than your average Japanese; the survey report should be an interesting read, whatever effect it does or does not ultimately have on troop realignments.

ROK President Roh Moo-hyun addressed South Korean residents in Germany this week and made some statements that are...well, here's what he said:

"North Korea is willing to give up its nuclear programs," Roh told the meeting in Germany.

He said Pyongyang and Washington distrusted each other but were in agreement on how to resolve the problem -- security guarantees and economic aid for the North in return for dismantling its nuclear programs.

"They don't seem to trust each other," Roh said. "But distrust is not a problem of substance, so it will be resolved if you talk long enough," he said.

Is that a fact? I understand that he was probably trying to soothe the homefolks--and the part about not encouraging the collapse of the DPRK certainly makes sense, since it would do all kinds of nasty things to the ROK economy--but whenever a politician says something wacky, there's always a scary chance that he actually believes it. I mean, maybe the connotation is different in Korean, but "distrust is not a problem of substance" strikes me as quixotic in this situation. So does "North Korea is willing to give up its nuclear programs."

BTW, did you hear what Condi said about the current state of the Axis of Evil? I liked this part: "I do think the North Koreans have been, frankly, a little bit disappointed that people are not jumping up and down and running around with their hair on fire because (they) have been making these pronouncements." Yes. Laboring under the assumption that we'll actually convince North Korea to dump its nuclear arms program would be pretty dimwitted, but there's a line to be trod: we can't freak out at its antics, but working to keep negotiations going makes the DPRK feel respected and decreases the chances that it's going to do anything psycho on an international level.

You know how the Japan Post privatization proposal was presented to the LDP last week? It's still, not unpredictably, stuck there:

A group of 101 Liberal Democratic Party lawmakers met Wednesday to reiterate their opposition to the government's postal privatization plan and ruled out any compromise on the issue.
Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi meanwhile renewed his pledge not to change the postal reform framework adopted by his Cabinet earlier this month.

The standoff between Koizumi and his opponents in the LDP, of which he is president, is making it increasingly difficult for the government to meet its goal of submitting its postal privatization bills to the Diet by the end of the month.

At Wednesday's meeting, organized and chaired by former House of Representatives Speaker Tamisuke Watanuki, the lawmakers adopted a resolution opposing the government's plan and released their own outline to reform Japan Post while keeping it a semigovernmental corporation.

Someday when my stomach is less on edge, we'll talk about Japanese semi-governmental corporations in all their resource-hoovering glory. Suffice it to say that, while "semi-governmental" sounds like a nice, friendly compromise, in execution it ends up increasing the number of people who have access to the goodies and decreasing the number of people who feel compelled to husband them. The Sankei did report that not everyone who went to Watanuki's "study session" last week symptathized with his anti-privatization position (one is cited as saying that because he'd received his invitation from the leaders of his faction, he felt unable to refuse it). But there were 96 Diet attendees there, and 101 who joined him in his resolution this week, so maybe he was pretty persuasive.

In any case, Prime Minister Koizumi has been adamant that the proposal not be doctored before officially becoming a Diet bill. The deadline he set was the end of April, so there's still plenty of time for fun.

There's been another mix-up of patient records at a hospital, with tragic results:

A 70-year-old man died in March following a misdiagnosis brought about when his CAT scan results were accidentally switched with those of another patient at a hospital in Numazu, Shizuoka Prefecture, The Yomiuri Shimbun learned Tuesday. Hospital authorities have denied responsibility for the man's death.

The man, from Numazu, died of a cerebral hemorrhage two days after being taken to the hospital and given the CAT scan following complaints of difficulty swallowing. The results of his scan were accidentally switched with those of another patient who underwent the scan the previous day.

According to hospital officials, the cranial CAT scan was performed on the man immediately after he arrived at the hospital. The technician, however, accidentally gave the wrong scan results to the man's attending physician, leading to a misdiagnosis that the man had suffered a stroke.

This sort of thing is not at all uncommon--a famous mix-up at a Yokohama hospital led to heart and lung surgeries being performed on the wrong patients--and I wonder whether its roots lie in more than just the way health care, specifically, is run.

Everyone in Japan who works for a decent-sized company has found life somewhat reordered by the new laws, which went into effect this month, governing the handling of personal information. Because Japan is famous for order, carefulness, and semi-conductors, people often make the easy assumption that the handling of information here must be first-rate; but in many ways it's not. Japanese offices are full of clutter--folders and vertical files and post-it notes piled everywhere are a common sight. True, any office anywhere in the world that hasn't been prepped for a magazine shoot is going to look worked-in, and because space is at a premium here, separate rooms or closets to keep unattractive piles of paper hidden away are less easy to manage. It's still true, though, that most Japanese prefer the traditional use of paper documentation and name-stamp approvals to computerized MIS. Most documents go through many hands on their way to being approved or filed, and Japan has had relatively little crime since the war, so it's not uncommon for documents that contain personal information to be lying about all over the place because there aren't any policies to prevent it.

Oddly, while information tends to go through many people vertically up and down chains of command, it often isn't shared horizontally. The in-group consciousness can mean that marketing departments don't always know what their own R&D people are creating, or how to communicate to them what the customers would like it to do.

Of course, computers aren't perfect either, and territoriality is not a trait the Japanese invented, as we all know. But so many of the problems you hear about in Japanese health care seem to result not from garden-variety incompetence or questionable judgment but from a specific mishandling of documents: mixing up patients' charts, not reading warnings about an employee's conduct, not having received the crucial information in report A. Apparently, the hospitals are run less like the rest of the domestic economy.

So something has come of those plans for Japan to seek help from Israel in upgrading its defense capabilities (via Gaijin Biker). Good. Ever since it was first announced, I'd been hoping more information indicating that plans had materialized would be forthcoming. It's taken a few months, but I'm glad it's here. It looks as if equipment, as well as procedure, may be included.

The Connecticut House has passed its civil unions bill. The governor hadn't threatened a veto, but she had supported an amendment (eventually added) to define marriage as between a man and a woman.

Following the House vote Rell issued a statement saying, "I am pleased that the House of Representatives passed this amendment and made it clear that while we will recognize and support civil unions, marriage in Connecticut is defined as the union of a man and a woman.

"Passage of this bill will extend civil rights to all couples, no matter their gender, and send the unmistakable message that discrimination in any form is